


ls(1)									ls(1)



NAME

  llss - Lists and generates statistics for files

SYNOPSIS

  llss [--aaAAbbccCCddffFFggiillLLmmnnooppqqrrRRssttuuxx11] [_f_i_l_e ...  | _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y	...]

  The llss command writes	to standard output the contents	of each	specified
  directory or the name	of each	specified file,	along with any other informa-
  tion you ask for with	flags.	If you do not specify a	file or	a directory,
  llss displays the contents of the current directory.

FLAGS

  --aa  Lists all	entries	in the directory, including the	entries	that begin
      with a .. (dot). Entries that begin with a	. are not displayed unless
      you refer	to them	specifically, or you specify the --aa flag.

  --AA  Lists all	entries, except	. (dot)	and ..	(dot-dot). If you issue	the
      llss command as the	superuser, it behaves as if you	specified this flag.

  --bb  Displays nonprintable characters in octal	notation.

  --cc  Uses the time of last inode modification (file created, mode changed,
      and so on) for sorting when used with the	--tt flag.  Displays the time
      of last inode modification (instead of the time at which the file's
      contents were last modified) when	used with the --ll flag.	This flag has
      effect only when used with either	--tt or --ll or both.

  --CC  Sorts output vertically in a multicolumn format.	This is	the default
      when output is to	a terminal.

  --dd  Displays only the	information for	the directory that is named, rather
      than for its contents.  This is useful with the --ll flag to get the
      status of	a directory.

  --ff  Lists the	name in	each slot for each named directory.  This flag turns
      off --ll, --tt, --ss, and --rr, and turns	on --aa; this flag uses the order	in
      which entries appear in the directory.

  --FF  Puts a / (slash) after each filename if the file is a directory, an *
      (asterisk) after each filename if	the file can be	executed, an = (equal
      sign) after each filename	if the file is a socket, and an	@ (at sign)
      for a symbolic link, and a | (vertical bar) for a	FIFO.

  --gg  Displays the same	information as --ll, except for the owner.

  --ii  Displays the i-number in the first column	of the report for each file.

  --ll  Displays the mode, number	of links, owner, group,	size (in bytes), and
      time of last modification	for each file, and pathname.  If the file is
      a	special	file, the size field instead contains the major	and minor
      device numbers.  If the file is a	symbolic link, the pathname of the
      linked-to	file is	also printed preceded by ->.  The attributes of	the
      symbolic link are	displayed.  The	--nn flag	overrides the --ll flag.

  --LL  Lists the	file or	directory the link references rather than the link
      itself, if the argument is a symbolic link.

  --mm  Uses stream output format	(a comma-separated series).

  --nn  Displays the same	information as --ll, except that it displays the user
      and the group IDs	instead	of the usernames and group names.

  --oo  Displays the same	information as with --ll,	except for the group.  The --nn
      flag overrides the --oo flag.

  --pp  Puts a slash after each filename if that file is a directory.

  --qq  Displays nonprintable characters in filenames as a ? (question mark)
      character, if output is to a terminal (default).

  --rr  Reverses the order of the	sort, giving reverse collation or the oldest
      first, as	appropriate.

  --RR  Lists all	subdirectories recursively.

  --ss  Gives space used in n 512-byte units (including indirect blocks) for
      each entry.

  --tt  Sorts by time of last modification (latest first)	instead	of by name.

  --uu  Uses the time of the last	access instead of time of the last modifica-
      tion for sorting (when used with --tt) or for displaying (when used	with
      --ll).  This flag has no effect when not used with either --tt or --ll or
      both.

  --xx  Sorts output horizontally	in a multicolumn format.

  --11  Forces one entry per line	output format; this is the default when	out-
      put is not directed to a terminal.

  When you specify the following mutually exclusive flags, the last flag on
  the command line takes effect:

    oo++  --CC and --ll (ell)

    oo++  --CC and --11 (one)

    oo++  --mm and --ll (ell)

    oo++  --xx and --ll (ell)

    oo++  --cc and --uu

DESCRIPTION

  By default, llss displays all information in collated order by filename.  The
  collating sequence is	determined by the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE environment variable
  (see the ccttaabb	command).

  There	are three main ways to format the output:

    oo++  List entries in multiple	columns	by specifying either the --CC or --xx
       flags.  --CC is the default format, when output is	to a terminal.

    oo++  List one	entry per line.

    oo++  List entries in a comma-separated series	by specifying the --mm flag.

  The llss command uses iiooccttll(()) to determine the number of byte positions	in
  the output line.  If llss cannot get this information, it uses a default
  value	of 80.	Note that columns may not be smaller than 20 bytes or larger
  than 400 bytes.

  Modes

  The mode displayed with the --ll flag is interpreted by	the first character,
  as follows:

  bb   Block special file

  cc   Character	special	file

  dd   Directory

  ll   Symbolic link

  pp   First-In-First-Out (FIFO)	special	file

  ss   Local socket

  --   Ordinary file

  Permissions

  The next nine	characters are divided into three sets of three	characters
  each.	 The first three characters show the owner's permission.  The next
  set of three characters show the permission of the other users in the
  group.  The last set of three	characters show	the permission of everyone
  else.	 The three characters in each set show read, write and execute per-
  mission of the file.	Execute	permission of a	directory lets you search a
  directory for	a specified file.

  Permissions are indicated as follows:

  rr   read

  ww   write

  xx   execute or search	(directories)

  --   no access

  The group-execute permission character is ss if the file has set-group-ID
  mode.	 The user-execute permission character is ss if the file	has set-
  user-ID mode.	 The last character of the mode	(normally xx or --) is tt if the
  01000	(octal)	bit of the mode	is set;	see the	cchhmmoodd command for the meaning
  of this mode.	 The indications of set-ID and the 01000 bit of	the mode are
  capitalized (SS and TT,	respectively) if the corresponding execute permission
  is not set.

  When the sizes of the	files in a directory are listed, the llss	command
  displays a total count in 512-byte units, including indirect blocks.

  The LLCC__TTIIMMEE environment variable controls the	format of the date and time.

  System V Compatibility

  The root of the directory tree that contains the commands modified for
  SVID-2 compliance is specified in the	file //eettcc//ssvviidd22__ppaatthh. You can use
  //eettcc//ssvviidd22__pprrooffiillee as	the basis for, or to include in, your ..pprrooffiillee.	 The
  file //eettcc//ssvviidd22__pprrooffiillee reads	//eettcc//ssvviidd22__ppaatthh	and sets the first entries in
  the PPAATTHH environment variable	so that	the modified SVID-2 commands are
  found	first.

  The SVID-2 compliant version of the llss command produces multi-column output
  only if the --CC flag is specified.  In	addition, the --ss flag of the SVID-2
  compliant command causes file	sizes to be reported in	512-byte units rather
  than in 1024-byte units.

EXAMPLES

   11..  To list all files in the	current	directory, enter:
	    llss	--aa


       This lists all files, including . (dot),	.. (dot-dot), and other	files
       with names beginning with a dot.

   22..  To display detailed information,	enter:
	    llss	--ll  cchhaapp11  ..pprrooffiillee


       This displays a long listing with detailed information about the	files
       cchhaapp11 and ..pprrooffiillee.

   33..  To display detailed information about a directory, enter:
	    llss	--dd  --ll	..  mmaannuuaall  mmaannuuaall//cchhaapp11


       This displays a long listing for	the directories	.. and mmaannuuaall, and for
       the file	mmaannuuaall//cchhaapp11.  Without the --dd flag, this command lists the
       files in	.. and mmaannuuaall instead of	providing detailed information about
       the directories themselves.

   44..  To list the files in the	current	directory in order of modification
       time, enter:
	    llss	--ll  --tt


       This displays a long listing of the files that were modified most
       recently, followed by the older files.

FILES

  //eettcc//ppaasssswwdd
	     Contains user information.

  //eettcc//ggrroouupp Contains group information.

RELATED	INFORMATION

  Commands:  cchhmmoodd(1), ccttaabb(1),	ffiinndd(1), llnn(1),	ssttttyy(1).

  Functions:  iiooccttll(2).

  Files:  ccttaabb(4).


















