Download Data |
Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1] |
Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1] |
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1] |
Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1] |
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1] |
Bias [mm d-1] |
RMSE [mm d-1] |
Phase Shift [months] |
Bias Score [1] |
RMSE Score [1] |
Seasonal Cycle Score [1] |
Spatial Distribution Score [1] |
Overall Score [1] |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benchmark | [-] | 2.61 | ||||||||||||||
| CanESM5 | [-] | 3.68 | 3.08 | 2.60 | 4.33 | 2.79 | 0.478 | 0.836 | 2.13 | 0.473 | 0.483 | 0.725 | 0.982 | 0.629 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0051 | [-] | 3.07 | 3.05 | 2.60 | 3.86 | 4.87 | 0.445 | 0.771 | 2.48 | 0.557 | 0.523 | 0.610 | 0.923 | 0.628 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0111 | [-] | 3.07 | 3.04 | 2.60 | 3.86 | 4.87 | 0.439 | 0.758 | 2.44 | 0.560 | 0.533 | 0.604 | 0.925 | 0.631 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0161 | [-] | 3.08 | 3.06 | 2.60 | 3.87 | 4.87 | 0.453 | 0.774 | 2.52 | 0.554 | 0.526 | 0.607 | 0.920 | 0.627 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0281 | [-] | 3.08 | 3.06 | 2.60 | 3.87 | 4.87 | 0.456 | 0.772 | 2.42 | 0.555 | 0.531 | 0.622 | 0.918 | 0.631 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0311 | [-] | 3.07 | 3.05 | 2.60 | 3.86 | 4.87 | 0.446 | 0.774 | 2.48 | 0.558 | 0.524 | 0.600 | 0.920 | 0.625 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0051 | [-] | 3.13 | 3.11 | 2.60 | 3.87 | 4.87 | 0.503 | 0.818 | 2.19 | 0.560 | 0.517 | 0.656 | 0.835 | 0.617 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0111 | [-] | 3.12 | 3.10 | 2.60 | 3.88 | 4.87 | 0.494 | 0.812 | 2.34 | 0.563 | 0.515 | 0.625 | 0.848 | 0.613 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0161 | [-] | 3.13 | 3.10 | 2.60 | 3.90 | 4.87 | 0.499 | 0.809 | 2.29 | 0.558 | 0.522 | 0.637 | 0.852 | 0.618 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0281 | [-] | 3.11 | 3.08 | 2.60 | 3.87 | 4.87 | 0.479 | 0.808 | 2.24 | 0.567 | 0.516 | 0.653 | 0.849 | 0.620 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0311 | [-] | 3.12 | 3.10 | 2.60 | 3.87 | 4.87 | 0.495 | 0.821 | 2.33 | 0.562 | 0.506 | 0.629 | 0.831 | 0.607 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0051 | [-] | 2.89 | 2.87 | 2.60 | 3.53 | 4.87 | 0.268 | 0.836 | 2.58 | 0.518 | 0.477 | 0.533 | 0.710 | 0.543 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0111 | [-] | 2.87 | 2.85 | 2.60 | 3.51 | 4.87 | 0.243 | 0.824 | 2.74 | 0.520 | 0.476 | 0.510 | 0.733 | 0.543 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0161 | [-] | 2.87 | 2.85 | 2.60 | 3.51 | 4.87 | 0.243 | 0.822 | 2.64 | 0.519 | 0.478 | 0.536 | 0.733 | 0.549 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0281 | [-] | 2.87 | 2.85 | 2.60 | 3.51 | 4.87 | 0.247 | 0.833 | 2.69 | 0.519 | 0.471 | 0.523 | 0.724 | 0.542 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0311 | [-] | 2.87 | 2.85 | 2.60 | 3.51 | 4.87 | 0.250 | 0.822 | 2.73 | 0.524 | 0.478 | 0.516 | 0.722 | 0.543 | ||
| IPSL-CM6A-LR | [-] | 3.52 | 2.93 | 2.60 | 4.14 | 2.79 | 0.330 | 0.852 | 3.11 | 0.601 | 0.426 | 0.458 | 0.756 | 0.533 | ||
| MIROC-ES2L | [-] | 3.95 | 3.60 | 2.60 | 4.31 | 2.79 | 0.996 | 1.17 | 2.02 | 0.292 | 0.533 | 0.637 | 0.948 | 0.589 | ||
| NorESM2-LM | [-] | 3.16 | 2.29 | 2.60 | 4.11 | 2.79 | -0.311 | 0.775 | 2.41 | 0.446 | 0.512 | 0.592 | 0.887 | 0.589 | ||
| UKESM1-0-LL | [-] | 3.60 | 2.65 | 2.60 | 4.62 | 2.82 | 0.0478 | 0.680 | 1.97 | 0.646 | 0.487 | 0.751 | 0.991 | 0.672 |
Download Data |
Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1] |
Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1] |
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1] |
Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1] |
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1] |
Bias [mm d-1] |
RMSE [mm d-1] |
Phase Shift [months] |
Bias Score [1] |
RMSE Score [1] |
Seasonal Cycle Score [1] |
Spatial Distribution Score [1] |
Overall Score [1] |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benchmark | [-] | 4.13 | ||||||||||||||
| CanESM5 | [-] | 4.38 | 4.19 | 4.13 | 4.47 | 0.0633 | 0.690 | 3.00 | 0.450 | 0.457 | 0.501 | 0.532 | 0.479 | |||
| E3SMv3 default 0051 | [-] | 4.08 | 4.01 | 4.11 | 4.30 | 4.82 | -0.0948 | 0.554 | 2.32 | 0.471 | 0.560 | 0.625 | 0.850 | 0.613 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0111 | [-] | 4.06 | 3.99 | 4.11 | 4.28 | 4.82 | -0.115 | 0.561 | 2.35 | 0.474 | 0.537 | 0.619 | 0.848 | 0.603 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0161 | [-] | 4.07 | 4.01 | 4.11 | 4.30 | 4.82 | -0.0978 | 0.557 | 2.32 | 0.473 | 0.553 | 0.618 | 0.855 | 0.610 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0281 | [-] | 4.04 | 3.98 | 4.11 | 4.27 | 4.82 | -0.125 | 0.564 | 2.33 | 0.469 | 0.545 | 0.623 | 0.866 | 0.610 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0311 | [-] | 4.05 | 3.98 | 4.11 | 4.27 | 4.82 | -0.122 | 0.571 | 2.39 | 0.467 | 0.542 | 0.611 | 0.863 | 0.605 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0051 | [-] | 3.93 | 3.86 | 4.11 | 4.19 | 4.82 | -0.249 | 0.607 | 2.46 | 0.435 | 0.536 | 0.601 | 0.894 | 0.600 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0111 | [-] | 3.92 | 3.85 | 4.11 | 4.17 | 4.82 | -0.258 | 0.603 | 2.36 | 0.434 | 0.543 | 0.602 | 0.897 | 0.604 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0161 | [-] | 3.93 | 3.85 | 4.11 | 4.18 | 4.82 | -0.254 | 0.607 | 2.40 | 0.433 | 0.541 | 0.600 | 0.901 | 0.603 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0281 | [-] | 3.91 | 3.84 | 4.11 | 4.18 | 4.82 | -0.267 | 0.609 | 2.29 | 0.429 | 0.545 | 0.620 | 0.902 | 0.608 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0311 | [-] | 3.93 | 3.86 | 4.11 | 4.18 | 4.82 | -0.248 | 0.602 | 2.54 | 0.433 | 0.551 | 0.571 | 0.898 | 0.601 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0051 | [-] | 3.68 | 3.58 | 4.11 | 4.01 | 4.82 | -0.527 | 0.760 | 2.28 | 0.335 | 0.513 | 0.638 | 0.954 | 0.591 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0111 | [-] | 3.68 | 3.58 | 4.11 | 4.02 | 4.82 | -0.522 | 0.750 | 2.37 | 0.339 | 0.519 | 0.624 | 0.947 | 0.590 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0161 | [-] | 3.67 | 3.58 | 4.11 | 4.01 | 4.82 | -0.530 | 0.755 | 2.32 | 0.335 | 0.526 | 0.626 | 0.949 | 0.593 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0281 | [-] | 3.67 | 3.57 | 4.11 | 4.00 | 4.82 | -0.537 | 0.761 | 2.28 | 0.331 | 0.529 | 0.636 | 0.954 | 0.596 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0311 | [-] | 3.67 | 3.57 | 4.11 | 4.00 | 4.82 | -0.534 | 0.759 | 2.26 | 0.335 | 0.520 | 0.637 | 0.949 | 0.592 | ||
| IPSL-CM6A-LR | [-] | 4.07 | 3.46 | 4.13 | 4.31 | -0.664 | 0.969 | 3.06 | 0.280 | 0.447 | 0.498 | 0.990 | 0.533 | |||
| MIROC-ES2L | [-] | 4.35 | 4.42 | 4.13 | 4.34 | 0.296 | 0.738 | 2.60 | 0.438 | 0.461 | 0.573 | 0.630 | 0.513 | |||
| NorESM2-LM | [-] | 4.28 | 3.85 | 4.13 | 4.45 | -0.277 | 0.718 | 2.51 | 0.410 | 0.498 | 0.586 | 0.863 | 0.571 | |||
| UKESM1-0-LL | [-] | 4.61 | 4.01 | 4.13 | 4.85 | -0.118 | 0.660 | 2.43 | 0.466 | 0.475 | 0.604 | 0.818 | 0.568 |
Download Data |
Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1] |
Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1] |
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1] |
Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1] |
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1] |
Bias [mm d-1] |
RMSE [mm d-1] |
Phase Shift [months] |
Bias Score [1] |
RMSE Score [1] |
Seasonal Cycle Score [1] |
Spatial Distribution Score [1] |
Overall Score [1] |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benchmark | [-] | 1.35 | ||||||||||||||
| CanESM5 | [-] | 1.74 | 1.60 | 1.36 | 2.82 | 0.874 | 0.246 | 0.729 | 1.33 | 0.548 | 0.488 | 0.754 | 0.961 | 0.648 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0051 | [-] | 1.57 | 1.54 | 1.35 | 2.16 | 2.43 | 0.197 | 0.549 | 1.14 | 0.627 | 0.579 | 0.779 | 0.975 | 0.708 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0111 | [-] | 1.58 | 1.55 | 1.35 | 2.16 | 2.43 | 0.203 | 0.551 | 1.13 | 0.627 | 0.578 | 0.782 | 0.975 | 0.708 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0161 | [-] | 1.58 | 1.55 | 1.35 | 2.16 | 2.43 | 0.201 | 0.553 | 1.15 | 0.626 | 0.577 | 0.777 | 0.975 | 0.706 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0281 | [-] | 1.57 | 1.54 | 1.35 | 2.15 | 2.43 | 0.198 | 0.546 | 1.16 | 0.629 | 0.580 | 0.780 | 0.975 | 0.709 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0311 | [-] | 1.57 | 1.54 | 1.35 | 2.15 | 2.43 | 0.197 | 0.553 | 1.16 | 0.626 | 0.574 | 0.777 | 0.975 | 0.705 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0051 | [-] | 1.60 | 1.57 | 1.35 | 2.19 | 2.43 | 0.228 | 0.550 | 1.12 | 0.624 | 0.590 | 0.789 | 0.975 | 0.714 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0111 | [-] | 1.60 | 1.57 | 1.35 | 2.19 | 2.43 | 0.224 | 0.545 | 1.14 | 0.625 | 0.592 | 0.778 | 0.975 | 0.712 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0161 | [-] | 1.59 | 1.57 | 1.35 | 2.18 | 2.43 | 0.219 | 0.549 | 1.10 | 0.625 | 0.589 | 0.785 | 0.975 | 0.713 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0281 | [-] | 1.59 | 1.56 | 1.35 | 2.18 | 2.43 | 0.212 | 0.543 | 1.10 | 0.627 | 0.589 | 0.787 | 0.975 | 0.714 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0311 | [-] | 1.60 | 1.57 | 1.35 | 2.19 | 2.43 | 0.223 | 0.549 | 1.13 | 0.625 | 0.591 | 0.780 | 0.975 | 0.712 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0051 | [-] | 1.53 | 1.51 | 1.35 | 2.08 | 2.43 | 0.159 | 0.576 | 1.15 | 0.595 | 0.569 | 0.770 | 0.969 | 0.694 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0111 | [-] | 1.53 | 1.50 | 1.35 | 2.07 | 2.43 | 0.153 | 0.572 | 1.17 | 0.598 | 0.570 | 0.766 | 0.969 | 0.695 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0161 | [-] | 1.52 | 1.49 | 1.35 | 2.07 | 2.43 | 0.144 | 0.570 | 1.16 | 0.597 | 0.569 | 0.772 | 0.969 | 0.695 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0281 | [-] | 1.53 | 1.50 | 1.35 | 2.07 | 2.43 | 0.153 | 0.574 | 1.15 | 0.595 | 0.570 | 0.771 | 0.969 | 0.695 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0311 | [-] | 1.52 | 1.49 | 1.35 | 2.07 | 2.43 | 0.147 | 0.571 | 1.16 | 0.597 | 0.568 | 0.771 | 0.969 | 0.694 | ||
| IPSL-CM6A-LR | [-] | 1.73 | 1.58 | 1.36 | 2.87 | 0.944 | 0.228 | 0.617 | 1.38 | 0.625 | 0.527 | 0.698 | 0.969 | 0.669 | ||
| MIROC-ES2L | [-] | 2.07 | 1.97 | 1.36 | 2.87 | 0.874 | 0.615 | 0.868 | 1.27 | 0.437 | 0.556 | 0.754 | 0.931 | 0.647 | ||
| NorESM2-LM | [-] | 1.55 | 1.40 | 1.36 | 2.71 | 0.944 | 0.0451 | 0.590 | 1.23 | 0.593 | 0.567 | 0.754 | 0.972 | 0.691 | ||
| UKESM1-0-LL | [-] | 1.66 | 1.51 | 1.36 | 2.89 | 0.897 | 0.152 | 0.558 | 1.06 | 0.629 | 0.572 | 0.795 | 0.972 | 0.708 |
Download Data |
Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1] |
Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1] |
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1] |
Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1] |
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1] |
Bias [mm d-1] |
RMSE [mm d-1] |
Phase Shift [months] |
Bias Score [1] |
RMSE Score [1] |
Seasonal Cycle Score [1] |
Spatial Distribution Score [1] |
Overall Score [1] |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benchmark | [-] | 0.863 | ||||||||||||||
| CanESM5 | [-] | 0.854 | 0.835 | 0.862 | 0.877 | 1.22 | -0.0263 | 0.494 | 0.715 | 0.836 | 0.650 | 0.921 | 0.979 | 0.807 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0051 | [-] | 0.867 | 0.868 | 0.864 | 0.866 | 0.771 | 0.00378 | 0.348 | 0.455 | 0.871 | 0.740 | 0.966 | 0.989 | 0.861 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0111 | [-] | 0.864 | 0.864 | 0.864 | 0.859 | 0.771 | 0.000410 | 0.349 | 0.460 | 0.873 | 0.738 | 0.966 | 0.988 | 0.861 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0161 | [-] | 0.866 | 0.866 | 0.864 | 0.862 | 0.771 | 0.00215 | 0.350 | 0.468 | 0.872 | 0.737 | 0.965 | 0.988 | 0.860 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0281 | [-] | 0.871 | 0.871 | 0.864 | 0.871 | 0.771 | 0.00745 | 0.345 | 0.464 | 0.871 | 0.742 | 0.965 | 0.989 | 0.862 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0311 | [-] | 0.865 | 0.865 | 0.864 | 0.863 | 0.771 | 0.00153 | 0.350 | 0.460 | 0.870 | 0.738 | 0.966 | 0.988 | 0.860 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0051 | [-] | 0.939 | 0.937 | 0.864 | 0.971 | 0.771 | 0.0728 | 0.341 | 0.480 | 0.863 | 0.755 | 0.965 | 0.989 | 0.865 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0111 | [-] | 0.931 | 0.929 | 0.864 | 0.957 | 0.771 | 0.0651 | 0.341 | 0.472 | 0.865 | 0.752 | 0.965 | 0.989 | 0.865 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0161 | [-] | 0.928 | 0.926 | 0.864 | 0.953 | 0.771 | 0.0622 | 0.342 | 0.477 | 0.867 | 0.751 | 0.965 | 0.989 | 0.865 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0281 | [-] | 0.922 | 0.920 | 0.864 | 0.947 | 0.771 | 0.0565 | 0.341 | 0.467 | 0.867 | 0.751 | 0.966 | 0.989 | 0.865 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0311 | [-] | 0.926 | 0.924 | 0.864 | 0.953 | 0.771 | 0.0601 | 0.343 | 0.499 | 0.866 | 0.750 | 0.963 | 0.989 | 0.864 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0051 | [-] | 0.832 | 0.833 | 0.864 | 0.818 | 0.771 | -0.0306 | 0.345 | 0.456 | 0.873 | 0.741 | 0.966 | 0.983 | 0.861 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0111 | [-] | 0.824 | 0.825 | 0.864 | 0.813 | 0.771 | -0.0385 | 0.345 | 0.464 | 0.874 | 0.739 | 0.965 | 0.980 | 0.859 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0161 | [-] | 0.816 | 0.818 | 0.864 | 0.797 | 0.771 | -0.0460 | 0.348 | 0.455 | 0.873 | 0.737 | 0.966 | 0.980 | 0.859 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0281 | [-] | 0.830 | 0.831 | 0.864 | 0.813 | 0.771 | -0.0330 | 0.342 | 0.451 | 0.872 | 0.743 | 0.966 | 0.983 | 0.862 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0311 | [-] | 0.824 | 0.825 | 0.864 | 0.808 | 0.771 | -0.0390 | 0.346 | 0.465 | 0.873 | 0.739 | 0.966 | 0.980 | 0.859 | ||
| IPSL-CM6A-LR | [-] | 1.02 | 0.901 | 0.862 | 1.16 | 1.20 | 0.0389 | 0.366 | 0.654 | 0.875 | 0.741 | 0.937 | 0.987 | 0.856 | ||
| MIROC-ES2L | [-] | 1.17 | 1.14 | 0.862 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 0.276 | 0.531 | 0.708 | 0.751 | 0.693 | 0.925 | 0.898 | 0.792 | ||
| NorESM2-LM | [-] | 0.880 | 0.697 | 0.862 | 1.11 | 1.20 | -0.166 | 0.519 | 0.696 | 0.805 | 0.650 | 0.929 | 0.976 | 0.802 | ||
| UKESM1-0-LL | [-] | 0.956 | 0.819 | 0.862 | 1.13 | 1.23 | -0.0431 | 0.406 | 0.615 | 0.864 | 0.703 | 0.931 | 0.986 | 0.837 |
Download Data |
Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1] |
Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1] |
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1] |
Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1] |
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1] |
Bias [mm d-1] |
RMSE [mm d-1] |
Phase Shift [months] |
Bias Score [1] |
RMSE Score [1] |
Seasonal Cycle Score [1] |
Spatial Distribution Score [1] |
Overall Score [1] |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benchmark | [-] | 3.69 | ||||||||||||||
| CanESM5 | [-] | 3.08 | 3.05 | 3.69 | 3.74 | -0.641 | 1.36 | 2.27 | 0.325 | 0.217 | 0.653 | 0.964 | 0.475 | |||
| E3SMv3 default 0051 | [-] | 3.69 | 3.70 | 3.68 | 3.58 | 5.01 | 0.0120 | 0.645 | 2.78 | 0.601 | 0.410 | 0.522 | 0.995 | 0.588 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0111 | [-] | 3.71 | 3.71 | 3.68 | 3.61 | 5.01 | 0.0235 | 0.642 | 2.71 | 0.604 | 0.411 | 0.540 | 0.995 | 0.592 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0161 | [-] | 3.69 | 3.70 | 3.68 | 3.54 | 5.01 | 0.0114 | 0.657 | 2.83 | 0.598 | 0.404 | 0.514 | 0.995 | 0.583 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0281 | [-] | 3.70 | 3.71 | 3.68 | 3.61 | 5.01 | 0.0224 | 0.635 | 2.84 | 0.609 | 0.411 | 0.510 | 0.994 | 0.587 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0311 | [-] | 3.68 | 3.68 | 3.68 | 3.54 | 5.01 | 0.00113 | 0.668 | 2.74 | 0.594 | 0.401 | 0.526 | 0.994 | 0.583 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0051 | [-] | 3.66 | 3.66 | 3.68 | 3.51 | 5.01 | -0.0257 | 0.631 | 2.63 | 0.607 | 0.405 | 0.547 | 0.995 | 0.592 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0111 | [-] | 3.66 | 3.66 | 3.68 | 3.54 | 5.01 | -0.0220 | 0.618 | 2.83 | 0.605 | 0.411 | 0.506 | 0.994 | 0.586 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0161 | [-] | 3.64 | 3.64 | 3.68 | 3.50 | 5.01 | -0.0416 | 0.633 | 2.64 | 0.602 | 0.405 | 0.547 | 0.995 | 0.591 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0281 | [-] | 3.64 | 3.64 | 3.68 | 3.52 | 5.01 | -0.0434 | 0.628 | 2.71 | 0.601 | 0.405 | 0.533 | 0.995 | 0.588 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0311 | [-] | 3.64 | 3.64 | 3.68 | 3.52 | 5.01 | -0.0397 | 0.623 | 2.77 | 0.603 | 0.410 | 0.526 | 0.994 | 0.589 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0051 | [-] | 3.33 | 3.33 | 3.68 | 3.22 | 5.01 | -0.355 | 0.777 | 2.66 | 0.455 | 0.351 | 0.553 | 0.972 | 0.536 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0111 | [-] | 3.34 | 3.34 | 3.68 | 3.23 | 5.01 | -0.346 | 0.763 | 2.66 | 0.462 | 0.357 | 0.554 | 0.973 | 0.540 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0161 | [-] | 3.32 | 3.32 | 3.68 | 3.23 | 5.01 | -0.360 | 0.775 | 2.62 | 0.456 | 0.356 | 0.560 | 0.978 | 0.541 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0281 | [-] | 3.33 | 3.33 | 3.68 | 3.21 | 5.01 | -0.351 | 0.768 | 2.60 | 0.457 | 0.357 | 0.566 | 0.976 | 0.543 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0311 | [-] | 3.32 | 3.32 | 3.68 | 3.23 | 5.01 | -0.366 | 0.793 | 2.56 | 0.450 | 0.345 | 0.580 | 0.979 | 0.540 | ||
| IPSL-CM6A-LR | [-] | 3.69 | 3.68 | 3.69 | 3.96 | -0.0112 | 0.719 | 3.18 | 0.578 | 0.348 | 0.436 | 0.970 | 0.536 | |||
| MIROC-ES2L | [-] | 4.53 | 4.55 | 3.69 | 4.13 | 0.864 | 1.03 | 2.27 | 0.255 | 0.495 | 0.636 | 0.933 | 0.563 | |||
| NorESM2-LM | [-] | 3.36 | 3.33 | 3.69 | 3.93 | -0.361 | 0.688 | 2.32 | 0.385 | 0.538 | 0.616 | 0.534 | 0.522 | |||
| UKESM1-0-LL | [-] | 3.81 | 3.79 | 3.69 | 4.24 | 0.0984 | 0.724 | 2.00 | 0.509 | 0.424 | 0.674 | 0.986 | 0.603 |
Download Data |
Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1] |
Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1] |
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1] |
Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1] |
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1] |
Bias [mm d-1] |
RMSE [mm d-1] |
Phase Shift [months] |
Bias Score [1] |
RMSE Score [1] |
Seasonal Cycle Score [1] |
Spatial Distribution Score [1] |
Overall Score [1] |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benchmark | [-] | 1.07 | ||||||||||||||
| CanESM5 | [-] | 1.58 | 1.17 | 1.06 | 2.09 | 1.38 | 0.107 | 0.621 | 0.915 | 0.771 | 0.615 | 0.876 | 0.958 | 0.767 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0051 | [-] | 1.21 | 1.18 | 1.06 | 1.83 | 1.89 | 0.114 | 0.472 | 0.514 | 0.789 | 0.707 | 0.958 | 0.977 | 0.828 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0111 | [-] | 1.21 | 1.18 | 1.06 | 1.82 | 1.89 | 0.115 | 0.477 | 0.514 | 0.789 | 0.704 | 0.956 | 0.977 | 0.826 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0161 | [-] | 1.21 | 1.17 | 1.06 | 1.83 | 1.89 | 0.111 | 0.472 | 0.536 | 0.792 | 0.706 | 0.956 | 0.978 | 0.828 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0281 | [-] | 1.22 | 1.18 | 1.06 | 1.84 | 1.89 | 0.116 | 0.469 | 0.528 | 0.791 | 0.710 | 0.956 | 0.977 | 0.829 | ||
| E3SMv3 default 0311 | [-] | 1.21 | 1.18 | 1.06 | 1.83 | 1.89 | 0.113 | 0.476 | 0.522 | 0.789 | 0.704 | 0.956 | 0.977 | 0.826 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0051 | [-] | 1.27 | 1.23 | 1.06 | 1.93 | 1.89 | 0.170 | 0.468 | 0.527 | 0.782 | 0.722 | 0.957 | 0.978 | 0.832 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0111 | [-] | 1.27 | 1.23 | 1.06 | 1.92 | 1.89 | 0.165 | 0.469 | 0.516 | 0.782 | 0.721 | 0.957 | 0.978 | 0.832 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0161 | [-] | 1.26 | 1.22 | 1.06 | 1.91 | 1.89 | 0.160 | 0.468 | 0.513 | 0.785 | 0.719 | 0.956 | 0.977 | 0.831 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0281 | [-] | 1.26 | 1.22 | 1.06 | 1.91 | 1.89 | 0.156 | 0.465 | 0.506 | 0.785 | 0.721 | 0.958 | 0.979 | 0.833 | ||
| E3SMv3 highECS 0311 | [-] | 1.26 | 1.22 | 1.06 | 1.91 | 1.89 | 0.154 | 0.465 | 0.541 | 0.787 | 0.721 | 0.956 | 0.978 | 0.832 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0051 | [-] | 1.18 | 1.14 | 1.06 | 1.77 | 1.89 | 0.0794 | 0.465 | 0.525 | 0.793 | 0.710 | 0.958 | 0.972 | 0.828 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0111 | [-] | 1.17 | 1.13 | 1.06 | 1.76 | 1.89 | 0.0728 | 0.464 | 0.529 | 0.795 | 0.709 | 0.956 | 0.969 | 0.828 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0161 | [-] | 1.17 | 1.13 | 1.06 | 1.76 | 1.89 | 0.0662 | 0.463 | 0.508 | 0.795 | 0.708 | 0.959 | 0.971 | 0.828 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0281 | [-] | 1.18 | 1.14 | 1.06 | 1.78 | 1.89 | 0.0777 | 0.460 | 0.512 | 0.794 | 0.713 | 0.958 | 0.972 | 0.830 | ||
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0311 | [-] | 1.17 | 1.13 | 1.06 | 1.76 | 1.89 | 0.0672 | 0.461 | 0.523 | 0.797 | 0.709 | 0.957 | 0.970 | 0.828 | ||
| IPSL-CM6A-LR | [-] | 1.77 | 1.21 | 1.06 | 2.47 | 1.36 | 0.147 | 0.517 | 0.763 | 0.793 | 0.682 | 0.915 | 0.970 | 0.808 | ||
| MIROC-ES2L | [-] | 1.96 | 1.55 | 1.06 | 2.47 | 1.38 | 0.488 | 0.761 | 0.848 | 0.647 | 0.639 | 0.887 | 0.916 | 0.746 | ||
| NorESM2-LM | [-] | 1.65 | 1.01 | 1.06 | 2.43 | 1.36 | -0.0508 | 0.595 | 0.783 | 0.772 | 0.627 | 0.905 | 0.971 | 0.780 | ||
| UKESM1-0-LL | [-] | 1.72 | 1.12 | 1.06 | 2.46 | 1.45 | 0.0578 | 0.507 | 0.737 | 0.812 | 0.677 | 0.901 | 0.976 | 0.809 |










Download Data |
Precipitation|GPCPv2.3 Hellinger Distance [1] |
SurfaceAirTemperature|CRU4.02 Hellinger Distance [1] |
Precipitation|GPCPv2.3 Score [1] |
SurfaceAirTemperature|CRU4.02 Score [1] |
Overall Score [1] |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CanESM5 | [-] | 0.641 | 0.553 | 0.594 | 0.678 | 0.636 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0051 | [-] | 0.692 | 0.751 | 0.919 | 0.799 | 0.859 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0111 | [-] | 0.681 | 0.749 | 0.920 | 0.800 | 0.860 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0161 | [-] | 0.683 | 0.749 | 0.920 | 0.798 | 0.859 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0281 | [-] | 0.691 | 0.743 | 0.927 | 0.800 | 0.864 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0311 | [-] | 0.697 | 0.750 | 0.924 | 0.798 | 0.861 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0051 | [-] | 0.738 | 0.748 | 0.912 | 0.784 | 0.848 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0111 | [-] | 0.688 | 0.748 | 0.917 | 0.783 | 0.850 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0161 | [-] | 0.686 | 0.749 | 0.919 | 0.790 | 0.855 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0281 | [-] | 0.684 | 0.746 | 0.914 | 0.790 | 0.852 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0311 | [-] | 0.713 | 0.749 | 0.920 | 0.789 | 0.854 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0051 | [-] | 0.660 | 0.715 | 0.906 | 0.848 | 0.877 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0111 | [-] | 0.644 | 0.706 | 0.899 | 0.855 | 0.877 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0161 | [-] | 0.655 | 0.710 | 0.903 | 0.857 | 0.880 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0281 | [-] | 0.665 | 0.703 | 0.902 | 0.858 | 0.880 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0311 | [-] | 0.649 | 0.706 | 0.902 | 0.852 | 0.877 | |
| IPSL-CM6A-LR | [-] | 0.678 | 0.670 | 0.578 | 0.719 | 0.648 | |
| MIROC-ES2L | [-] | 0.644 | 0.508 | 0.548 | 0.560 | 0.554 | |
| NorESM2-LM | [-] | 0.655 | 0.632 | 0.638 | 0.788 | 0.713 | |
| UKESM1-0-LL | [-] | 0.679 | 0.600 | 0.611 | 0.738 | 0.675 |
Download Data |
Precipitation|GPCPv2.3 Hellinger Distance [1] |
SurfaceAirTemperature|CRU4.02 Hellinger Distance [1] |
Precipitation|GPCPv2.3 Score [1] |
SurfaceAirTemperature|CRU4.02 Score [1] |
Overall Score [1] |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CanESM5 | [-] | 0.697 | 0.733 | 0.908 | 0.934 | 0.921 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0051 | [-] | 0.691 | 0.762 | 0.948 | 0.960 | 0.954 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0111 | [-] | 0.678 | 0.770 | 0.939 | 0.960 | 0.949 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0161 | [-] | 0.686 | 0.761 | 0.942 | 0.959 | 0.951 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0281 | [-] | 0.696 | 0.768 | 0.918 | 0.959 | 0.939 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0311 | [-] | 0.688 | 0.770 | 0.919 | 0.961 | 0.940 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0051 | [-] | 0.734 | 0.738 | 0.926 | 0.918 | 0.922 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0111 | [-] | 0.715 | 0.747 | 0.936 | 0.921 | 0.928 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0161 | [-] | 0.724 | 0.743 | 0.906 | 0.918 | 0.912 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0281 | [-] | 0.723 | 0.726 | 0.898 | 0.915 | 0.907 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0311 | [-] | 0.705 | 0.745 | 0.930 | 0.920 | 0.925 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0051 | [-] | 0.683 | 0.624 | 0.919 | 0.860 | 0.889 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0111 | [-] | 0.660 | 0.627 | 0.910 | 0.863 | 0.886 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0161 | [-] | 0.684 | 0.621 | 0.904 | 0.862 | 0.883 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0281 | [-] | 0.663 | 0.619 | 0.903 | 0.860 | 0.882 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0311 | [-] | 0.654 | 0.622 | 0.912 | 0.861 | 0.886 | |
| IPSL-CM6A-LR | [-] | 0.746 | 0.793 | 0.927 | 0.796 | 0.861 | |
| MIROC-ES2L | [-] | 0.743 | 0.774 | 0.934 | 0.926 | 0.930 | |
| NorESM2-LM | [-] | 0.689 | 0.821 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.885 | |
| UKESM1-0-LL | [-] | 0.714 | 0.711 | 0.901 | 0.885 | 0.893 |
Download Data |
Precipitation|GPCPv2.3 Hellinger Distance [1] |
SurfaceAirTemperature|CRU4.02 Hellinger Distance [1] |
Precipitation|GPCPv2.3 Score [1] |
SurfaceAirTemperature|CRU4.02 Score [1] |
Overall Score [1] |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CanESM5 | [-] | 0.776 | 0.688 | 0.886 | 0.720 | 0.803 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0051 | [-] | 0.799 | 0.731 | 0.942 | 0.801 | 0.871 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0111 | [-] | 0.796 | 0.727 | 0.941 | 0.797 | 0.869 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0161 | [-] | 0.795 | 0.727 | 0.939 | 0.798 | 0.869 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0281 | [-] | 0.797 | 0.728 | 0.942 | 0.800 | 0.871 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0311 | [-] | 0.799 | 0.729 | 0.935 | 0.798 | 0.867 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0051 | [-] | 0.795 | 0.729 | 0.923 | 0.804 | 0.864 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0111 | [-] | 0.796 | 0.731 | 0.924 | 0.804 | 0.864 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0161 | [-] | 0.797 | 0.732 | 0.924 | 0.808 | 0.866 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0281 | [-] | 0.801 | 0.736 | 0.920 | 0.807 | 0.864 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0311 | [-] | 0.802 | 0.732 | 0.921 | 0.805 | 0.863 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0051 | [-] | 0.800 | 0.710 | 0.876 | 0.821 | 0.848 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0111 | [-] | 0.797 | 0.708 | 0.875 | 0.820 | 0.847 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0161 | [-] | 0.803 | 0.713 | 0.870 | 0.826 | 0.848 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0281 | [-] | 0.802 | 0.710 | 0.869 | 0.823 | 0.846 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0311 | [-] | 0.803 | 0.710 | 0.869 | 0.826 | 0.848 | |
| IPSL-CM6A-LR | [-] | 0.802 | 0.728 | 0.884 | 0.707 | 0.795 | |
| MIROC-ES2L | [-] | 0.727 | 0.669 | 0.801 | 0.576 | 0.688 | |
| NorESM2-LM | [-] | 0.789 | 0.675 | 0.929 | 0.818 | 0.873 | |
| UKESM1-0-LL | [-] | 0.808 | 0.727 | 0.895 | 0.771 | 0.833 |
Download Data |
Precipitation|GPCPv2.3 Hellinger Distance [1] |
SurfaceAirTemperature|CRU4.02 Hellinger Distance [1] |
Precipitation|GPCPv2.3 Score [1] |
SurfaceAirTemperature|CRU4.02 Score [1] |
Overall Score [1] |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CanESM5 | [-] | 0.586 | 0.586 | 0.656 | 0.718 | 0.687 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0051 | [-] | 0.745 | 0.771 | 0.885 | 0.882 | 0.884 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0111 | [-] | 0.743 | 0.771 | 0.878 | 0.883 | 0.880 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0161 | [-] | 0.745 | 0.764 | 0.876 | 0.884 | 0.880 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0281 | [-] | 0.752 | 0.762 | 0.885 | 0.876 | 0.880 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0311 | [-] | 0.748 | 0.768 | 0.881 | 0.878 | 0.880 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0051 | [-] | 0.738 | 0.752 | 0.864 | 0.858 | 0.861 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0111 | [-] | 0.729 | 0.764 | 0.866 | 0.860 | 0.863 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0161 | [-] | 0.737 | 0.770 | 0.867 | 0.865 | 0.866 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0281 | [-] | 0.746 | 0.778 | 0.873 | 0.866 | 0.869 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0311 | [-] | 0.746 | 0.774 | 0.869 | 0.868 | 0.869 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0051 | [-] | 0.741 | 0.759 | 0.842 | 0.900 | 0.871 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0111 | [-] | 0.729 | 0.763 | 0.838 | 0.908 | 0.873 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0161 | [-] | 0.749 | 0.771 | 0.846 | 0.914 | 0.880 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0281 | [-] | 0.750 | 0.766 | 0.830 | 0.905 | 0.867 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0311 | [-] | 0.746 | 0.761 | 0.846 | 0.909 | 0.877 | |
| IPSL-CM6A-LR | [-] | 0.585 | 0.578 | 0.580 | 0.609 | 0.595 | |
| MIROC-ES2L | [-] | 0.584 | 0.565 | 0.437 | 0.563 | 0.500 | |
| NorESM2-LM | [-] | 0.541 | 0.515 | 0.459 | 0.599 | 0.529 | |
| UKESM1-0-LL | [-] | 0.590 | 0.620 | 0.454 | 0.551 | 0.503 |
Download Data |
Precipitation|GPCPv2.3 Hellinger Distance [1] |
SurfaceAirTemperature|CRU4.02 Hellinger Distance [1] |
Precipitation|GPCPv2.3 Score [1] |
SurfaceAirTemperature|CRU4.02 Score [1] |
Overall Score [1] |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CanESM5 | [-] | 0.501 | 0.678 | 0.868 | 0.890 | 0.879 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0051 | [-] | 0.641 | 0.610 | 0.885 | 0.882 | 0.884 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0111 | [-] | 0.631 | 0.628 | 0.887 | 0.879 | 0.883 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0161 | [-] | 0.656 | 0.614 | 0.885 | 0.881 | 0.883 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0281 | [-] | 0.655 | 0.617 | 0.887 | 0.884 | 0.885 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0311 | [-] | 0.647 | 0.615 | 0.884 | 0.881 | 0.882 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0051 | [-] | 0.618 | 0.762 | 0.882 | 0.897 | 0.890 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0111 | [-] | 0.639 | 0.744 | 0.882 | 0.897 | 0.890 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0161 | [-] | 0.609 | 0.751 | 0.875 | 0.901 | 0.888 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0281 | [-] | 0.607 | 0.732 | 0.883 | 0.898 | 0.891 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0311 | [-] | 0.630 | 0.738 | 0.884 | 0.901 | 0.892 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0051 | [-] | 0.561 | 0.605 | 0.858 | 0.910 | 0.884 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0111 | [-] | 0.570 | 0.602 | 0.859 | 0.913 | 0.886 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0161 | [-] | 0.572 | 0.606 | 0.857 | 0.909 | 0.883 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0281 | [-] | 0.547 | 0.601 | 0.856 | 0.910 | 0.883 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0311 | [-] | 0.560 | 0.608 | 0.859 | 0.907 | 0.883 | |
| IPSL-CM6A-LR | [-] | 0.626 | 0.720 | 0.864 | 0.890 | 0.877 | |
| MIROC-ES2L | [-] | 0.634 | 0.425 | 0.793 | 0.711 | 0.752 | |
| NorESM2-LM | [-] | 0.574 | 0.518 | 0.848 | 0.925 | 0.887 | |
| UKESM1-0-LL | [-] | 0.637 | 0.739 | 0.889 | 0.922 | 0.906 |
Download Data |
Precipitation|GPCPv2.3 Hellinger Distance [1] |
SurfaceAirTemperature|CRU4.02 Hellinger Distance [1] |
Precipitation|GPCPv2.3 Score [1] |
SurfaceAirTemperature|CRU4.02 Score [1] |
Overall Score [1] |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CanESM5 | [-] | 0.682 | 0.653 | 0.632 | 0.333 | 0.482 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0051 | [-] | 0.731 | 0.782 | 0.871 | 0.812 | 0.841 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0111 | [-] | 0.727 | 0.776 | 0.870 | 0.811 | 0.841 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0161 | [-] | 0.726 | 0.779 | 0.881 | 0.806 | 0.844 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0281 | [-] | 0.728 | 0.776 | 0.868 | 0.803 | 0.835 | |
| E3SMv3 default 0311 | [-] | 0.732 | 0.776 | 0.883 | 0.806 | 0.845 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0051 | [-] | 0.728 | 0.756 | 0.892 | 0.809 | 0.851 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0111 | [-] | 0.723 | 0.759 | 0.892 | 0.815 | 0.854 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0161 | [-] | 0.727 | 0.767 | 0.885 | 0.815 | 0.850 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0281 | [-] | 0.735 | 0.765 | 0.888 | 0.814 | 0.851 | |
| E3SMv3 highECS 0311 | [-] | 0.740 | 0.765 | 0.871 | 0.816 | 0.843 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0051 | [-] | 0.735 | 0.778 | 0.877 | 0.809 | 0.843 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0111 | [-] | 0.726 | 0.786 | 0.886 | 0.817 | 0.851 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0161 | [-] | 0.740 | 0.782 | 0.872 | 0.844 | 0.858 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0281 | [-] | 0.737 | 0.779 | 0.886 | 0.811 | 0.849 | |
| E3SMv3 lowECS 0311 | [-] | 0.749 | 0.784 | 0.891 | 0.817 | 0.854 | |
| IPSL-CM6A-LR | [-] | 0.657 | 0.659 | 0.652 | 0.224 | 0.438 | |
| MIROC-ES2L | [-] | 0.608 | 0.591 | 0.529 | 0.403 | 0.466 | |
| NorESM2-LM | [-] | 0.693 | 0.642 | 0.557 | 0.341 | 0.449 | |
| UKESM1-0-LL | [-] | 0.686 | 0.679 | 0.660 | 0.245 | 0.452 |




















